8 10 116 https://collections.americanantiquarian.org/earlyamericannewsmedia/files/original/a045c0a96672e77f7361e9ca8ef8cfcf.JPG 21a1ca3211a671164ca8f2a678862e91 https://collections.americanantiquarian.org/earlyamericannewsmedia/files/original/b28ac9e901c12fc819e7db80bdee84d8.JPG 00460871b18b864532f870062646b956 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Title A name given to the resource "To the Inhabitants of the Province of Massachusetts Bay." Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. The Massachusetts Gazette; and the Boston Post-Boy and Advertiser Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 26, 1774 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 39-52 cm. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Boston, Mass. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Green & Russell Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://catalog.mwa.org/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=119">AAS Catalog Record</a> Description An account of the resource Daniel Leonard (1740-1829) was a lawyer and devoted loyalist. He lived in Taunton, Massachusetts, and was a member of one of the leading and wealthiest families in the commonwealth. In 1774, he was forced to flee his home by his Whig neighbors. He found refuge in Boston and eventually Nova Scotia and England. In 1774 and 1775, Leonard wrote a series of seventeen articles, published in the Boston Tory newspaper Massachusetts Gazette; and the Boston Post-Boy and Advertiser, under the pseudonym Massachusettensis, defending the policies of the British monarchy. The articles were reprinted in pamphlet form in England and in Ireland and are among the most articulate expressions of the loyalist point of view. In this specific article, Leonard questions the concept that people have the right to govern themselves. He claims that this will lead to social disorder and mob rule and that individuals proclaiming liberty are often the first to become tyrants. The article in this issue is also followed by letters to the editors, retorts to Massachusettensis’s previous arguments. These articles, along with <a href="https://collections.americanantiquarian.org/earlyamericannewsmedia/exhibits/show/age-of-revolution/item/63">those written in reply by John Adams</a> (1735-1826) under the penname Novanglus, show the spirited dialogue that occurred among various parties in the press during the crisis with Britain. The different meanings of Leonard’s and Adams’s pseudonyms were also indicative of expanding colonial unity: “Massachusettensis” literally means “of Massachusetts,” while “Novanglus” stands for New England, signifying a unified voice among the colonies. Leonard was eventually appointed chief justice of Bermuda and served from 1782 to 1806. He died in England of a gunshot, either an accident or a suicide. Click the image below to browse the full issue.  <iframe src="https://fliphtml5.com/embed/dist/html/embed-cover.html#!/?w=0&bc=#000&p=1&l=http://online.fliphtml5.com/xohe/itvc/&t=http://online.fliphtml5.com/xohe/itvc/files/shot.jpg" frameborder="0" width="223" height="350"></iframe> Daniel Leonard John Adams Newspaper https://collections.americanantiquarian.org/earlyamericannewsmedia/files/original/343a635059d0bfd0df8de00e793f8a79.JPG b7fd4bc98fc4d8cb683c4a1371733468 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Type The nature or genre of the resource Pamphlet Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911 Title A name given to the resource Massachusetts in Mourning Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Massachusetts in Mourning.; A sermon, preached in Worcester, on Sunday, June 4, 1854. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1854 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 24 cm. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Boston, Mass. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available James Munroe and Company Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://catalog.mwa.org/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=195864">AAS Catalog Record</a> Description An account of the resource Thomas Wentworth Higginson (1823-1911) was an influential author, abolitionist, Unitarian minister, and soldier. Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1823, Higginson attended Harvard University and Harvard Divinity School, finishing his divinity degree in 1847. Higginson then served as pastor for the First Religious Society of Newburyport, Massachusetts. Despite the church’s liberal reputation, Higginson’s militant abolitionist approach proved too radical for the congregation and he was forced to resign in 1848. From 1852 to 1858, Higginson served as pastor of the Free Church in Worcester. In May of 1854, while still a minister in Worcester, Higginson led an unsuccessful effort to free a fugitive slave named <a href="https://collections.americanantiquarian.org/earlyamericannewsmedia/exhibits/show/news-in-antebellum-america/item/87">Anthony Burns</a> (1834-1862) from the courthouse in Boston as an act of protest against the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. Upon his return to Worcester, he delivered this sermon, titled Massachusetts in Mourning, in which he uses the Anthony Burns incident as a way to call for the end of apathy toward slavery. He laments that fugitive slaves were not safe even in Massachusetts, and that many stopped only briefly before continuing on to Canada where the Fugitive Slave Act could not reach them. Higginson calls his parishioners to action, asking them at the very least to take a stand in their own city, advising them to “petition your City Government to revoke their appropriation” to Fourth of July celebrations, the promises of which he now saw as “hollow.” In October 1854, a federal marshal, Asa O. Butman, arrived in Worcester to investigate Higginson’s part in the Burns affair. Butman was confronted by a mob and only escaped the riot with Higginson’s help. The Boston authorities issued a warrant for Higginson’s arrest on the charge of murder of a deputy who died during the effort to free Burns. Higginson presented himself freely, but the case was dropped due to lack of evidence. When the Civil War finally broke out, Higginson first served as a captain in the Fifty-first Massachusetts Infantry, and then later as a colonel in the First South Carolina volunteers, the first regiment recruited from the freedmen for the federal army. After the war, Higginson spent most of his energy on literature. He was a frequent contributor to the Atlantic Monthly, which eventually led to his role as a mentor to the poet Emily Dickinson (1830-86). In addition to abolition, Higginson was also a fervent activist for women’s rights, labor rights, and temperance.  Click the image below to view the full pamphlet.  <iframe src="https://fliphtml5.com/embed/dist/html/embed-cover.html#!/?w=0&bc=#000&p=1&l=http://online.fliphtml5.com/xohe/myjm/&t=http://online.fliphtml5.com/xohe/myjm/files/shot.jpg" frameborder="0" width="223" height="350"></iframe> Pamphlet Sermons Slavery Temperance https://collections.americanantiquarian.org/earlyamericannewsmedia/files/original/2543d91e2d33a86136bc4b97b90f8d95.jpg 719f72e9b9bf0246d08f132092529b99 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Title A name given to the resource "Messieurs Printers…At a meeting of the inhabitants of the town of Worcester…" Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. The Massachusetts Gazette: and the Boston Weekly News-Letter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 30, 1774 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 40 cm. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Boston, Mass. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Richard Draper Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://catalog.mwa.org/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=120">AAS Catalog Record</a> <a href="https://collections.americanantiquarian.org/earlyamericannewsmedia/files/cropped/120_0002.JPG">View image of full page</a> Description An account of the resource So-called “rebels” or “patriots” were not the only ones to use print media to their advantage during the pre-Revolution crisis. In the spring of 1774, loyalists in the shire town of Worcester, Massachusetts, felt that they were being excluded from the political process and that town meetings were being dominated by a rebellious faction that was squelching their views in open discussions and written petitions. To combat their weakened power, these loyalists wrote an open letter voicing their complaints. This letter has since become known as the “Tory Protest.” They sent it to the Tory-leaning Boston newspaper, the Massachusetts Gazette: and the Boston Weekly News-Letter, which, as can be seen here, published it on June 30, 1774. (Worcester would not have its own printing press until the <a href="https://collections.americanantiquarian.org/earlyamericannewsmedia/exhibits/show/age-of-revolution/item/19">arrival of Isaiah Thomas in April 1775</a>.) This, the <a href="https://collections.americanantiquarian.org/earlyamericannewsmedia/exhibits/show/news-in-colonial-america/item/116">oldest newspaper in the colonies</a> and the official voice of the royal government, was now being published by Margaret Draper (1727- ca. 1804), who took over the publication after the death of her husband on June 5, 1774. The loyalists also sent copies of this letter to the royal governor and copied its text into the Worcester town records. At a town meeting held later that summer, the loyalists were further humiliated when the town’s Whigs forced the town clerk, Clark Chandler (1746-1804), to blot out the Tory Protest from the town records by dipping his hand in ink and spreading it across the pages. The Tory Protest was signed by fifty-two men, many of whom were wealthy landowners and staunch supporters of the royal government. Perhaps most notable among them was James Putnam (1725-89), a prominent lawyer considered one of the finest legal minds in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. John Adams (1735-1836), the future second president of the United States, studied law as an apprentice to Putnam. The Tory Protest exemplifies the role various media played in the political protests leading up to the Revolution. This was an open letter sent both to prominent public officials and to the “public prints” of influential newspapers. The protest itself also attacked the dissemination of information through the Committees of Correspondence, calling them “a public grievance and nuisance.” The protest further denounced the covenants of non-importation and other written petitions circulated through these committees when it cited “that papers have been lately published, and are now circulating through the province, inviting, and wickedly tempting all persons to sign them; fully implying, if not expressly denouncing the destruction of all, that refuse to subscribe those unlawful combinations, tending directly to sedition, civil war, and rebellion.” Isaiah Thomas John Adams Newspaper https://collections.americanantiquarian.org/earlyamericannewsmedia/files/original/1dee789ba5ae687e23d522db3454404b.jpg ca8c51e12e475dbb44a20a130babccc0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Title A name given to the resource "Extract of a letter from Leicester, August, 1774. 'Yesterday Mr. Paine, of Worcester, was visited by near 3000 people" Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. The Boston Evening-Post (Supplement) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 5, 1774 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 30-46 cm. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Boston, Mass. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available T. Fleet Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://catalog.mwa.org/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=33">AAS Catalog Record</a> Description An account of the resource Timothy Paine (1730 – 93) was a wealthy and influential loyalist from Worcester, Massachusetts, connected by marriage to the Chandlers, another wealthy loyalist family. Paine graduated from Harvard and studied law after he was appointed clerk of courts at age twenty. He soon became a mainstay of local government, serving Worcester as assessor, clerk, selectman, and moderator. In 1735 he became justice of peace, in 1757, register of probate, and in 1765, register of deeds. He also served as a special justice of the Superior Court and was active in Boston politics by serving on the Governor’s Council in 1763. Among the Coercive Acts was the Massachusetts Government Act of 1774, which revoked the colony’s 1691 charter and concentrated political power in the hands of the royal governor, Thomas Gage (1719-87). All government positions that had been elected were now appointed by the governor, including seats in the Governor’s Council, which acted as the upper house of the legislature. Paine was appointed by Gage to the council, and though he neither sought nor wanted this position, he felt he could not refuse it without being disloyal to the king. Throughout the colony, these mandamus councilors, as they were called, were forced to resign their commissions by large gatherings of militia. An article in the third column of the fourth page in the September 5, 1774, issue of the Boston Evening Post described how, to protest the Massachusetts Government Act, the militia gathered in Worcester forced Paine to recant his commission with a public statement of apology.  Newspaper Thomas Gage https://collections.americanantiquarian.org/earlyamericannewsmedia/files/original/72dd5e30abff860b112e424280f27b98.jpg 8d58cde20c235b98120fc734bc4087e4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Type The nature or genre of the resource Engraving Title A name given to the resource Battle of Antietam Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1862 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image and text 22.5 x 32 cm., on sheet 33 x 43.5 cm. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant New York, N.Y. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available H.H. Lloyd & Co. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://catalog.mwa.org/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=474773">AAS Catalog Record</a> <a href="http://gigi.mwa.org/imagearchive/filename/474773_">View larger image</a> Description An account of the resource Though lithography gained in popularity in the years leading up to and during the Civil War, relief printing was still a commonly used process for illustration. This hand-colored wood engraving of the Battle of Antietam, which took place on September 17, 1862, and is the single bloodiest day in American history, is one such example. The hand-coloring emphasizes the official uniforms of the Union soldiers versus the mixing and matching of civilian clothes and local and federal uniform styles of the Confederates (it was not until the last year of the war that the Confederate armies reached a high level of uniform consistency). With so many losses early in the war, Antietam was seen as an important Union victory, despite its unbelievably high cost, and thus prime subject matter for printers looking to sell goods to a patriotic but demoralized public.  Engraving https://collections.americanantiquarian.org/earlyamericannewsmedia/files/original/b7e53052292f6cca1fab1f95b301185a.jpg a57e8ab1f3fc01ee2a339d3667a043da Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Type The nature or genre of the resource Lithograph Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Currier & Ives Title A name given to the resource The Lexington of 1861 Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. The Lexington of 1861. The Massachusetts Volunteers fighting their way through the Streets of Baltimore, on their march to the defence of the National Capitol April 19th, 1861. Hurrah for the Glorious 6th. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 22.3 x 31 cm. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant New York, N.Y. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Currier & Ives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://catalog.mwa.org/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=149159">AAS Catalog Record</a> Description An account of the resource In many cases, visual resources not only provided a means by which to depict a news event, but also a way to interpret that event. This lithograph, produced by Currier & Ives, shows the Sixth Massachusetts Volunteer Regiment fighting its way through a mob in the streets of Baltimore, attempting to reach Washington, D.C., in answer to Lincoln’s call for seventy-five thousand troops after the firing on Fort Sumter. Sixteen people died in the riot, including four of the Massachusetts soldiers, considered the first combat fatalities of the Civil War. Comparisons between this riot and the Battles of Lexington and Concord—hence the title The Lexington of 1861—were swift and inevitable: they both happened on April 19, involved Massachusetts men, and resulted in the first fatalities of the war. And, as the Union would have it, in both cases the Massachusetts men were simply going about their business when they were ruthlessly attacked by the aggressor. The subtitle of the print states: “The Massachusetts Volunteers fighting their way through the streets of Baltimore, on their march to the defence of the National Capitol April 19th 1861. Hurrah for the Glorious 6th.”  Battles of Lexington and Concord Lithograph https://collections.americanantiquarian.org/earlyamericannewsmedia/files/original/88dd6a0e286d9f797560ca1cbb615960.jpg de93fd3ccc793daf5995d45fb511d740 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Type The nature or genre of the resource Political Cartoon Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clay, Edward Williams, 1799-1857 Title A name given to the resource An Amalgamation Polka Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. An Amalgamation Polka. Respectfully Dedicated to Miss Abby Kelley. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1845 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image and text 29.5 x 45.5 cm., on sheet 33.5 x 48 cm. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant New York, N.Y. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available A. Donnelly Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://catalog.mwa.org/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=475524">AAS Catalog Record</a> Description An account of the resource Mid-nineteenth-century visuals of African Americans were largely characterized by satire, an overexaggeration of features, and stereotypes. This lithograph is one of several in an entire Amalgamation Series created by Edward Williams Clay (1799-1857). The series depicts white and black couples marrying, socializing, engaging in typical household activities, and dancing. These were all seen as forms of racial mixing, or what was first termed amalgamation and later miscegenation, and the implications would have been clear to a contemporary viewer. This particular print, An Amalgamation Polka, is “Respectfully dedicated to Miss Abby Kelly [sic].” By 1845, <a href="http://www.americanantiquarian.org/abby-kelley-foster-papers-finding-aid">Abby Kelley</a> (1811-87), soon-to-be Foster, was one of the country’s most well-known abolitionists, speaking to large audiences of both men and women throughout the nation. In this lithograph, Kelley appears to be dancing with her friend and fellow abolitionist Frederick Douglass (ca. 1818-95). Also featured in this lithograph are abolitionists William Lloyd Garrison (1805-79) (in the center with arms raised), Theodore Weld (1803-95) (behind Garrison’s partner), Maria Weston Chapman (b. 1806) (to the right of Garrison), and Robert Purvis (1810-98) (with sideburns and his back turned). Garrison may be depicted twice in this image, perhaps as befitted his importance to abolitionism. He seems to be peeking out from the back of the image, just right of center, this time wearing glasses. Though the print may appear innocuous to modern eyes, it would have preyed on the fears of many who may have disapproved of slavery but could not conceive of social equality for blacks, and certainly not of intermarriage. The over-caricatured features and the promiscuousness of those depicted suggest that immorality and mayhem would supposedly ensue from such practices. The Amalgamation Series sheds light on the attitudes of those who may have opposed slavery but would have been appalled at the depiction of blacks as members of the respectable middle class and as dancing partners and spouses of whites. Frederick Douglass Political Cartoon Slavery William Lloyd Garrison https://collections.americanantiquarian.org/earlyamericannewsmedia/files/original/ff4ed49aa03dcb6bf86ce9eb063c3f36.jpg ea456217e0d98157f83bd6f97bd76f84 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Type The nature or genre of the resource Engraving Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sawyer, A. R. (Adelaide R.), 1831- Title A name given to the resource The Empty Sleeve Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. The Empty Sleeve. "What tell-tale thing is an empty sleeve." Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1866 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image and text 47 x 32.5 cm., on sheet 56 x 46 cm. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant New York, N.Y. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available J. C. Buttre Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://catalog.mwa.org/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=445330">AAS Catalog Record</a> <a href="http://gigi.mwa.org/imagearchive/filename/445330_">View larger image</a> Description An account of the resource Not all news stories during the Civil War concerned battle outcomes, troop movements, and casualty lists. One ongoing news story—and one that became even more pressing as the war drew to a close—was the emotional and physical wreckage of returning soldiers. Drawn by a female artist, Adelaide R. Sawyer (b. 1831), this large 1866 print, The Empty Sleeve, takes on as its subject the many thousands of men who returned home from Civil War battlefields missing limbs from injury or amputation. A man holds a curly-haired child, presumably his own offspring, who playfully peers into the empty right sleeve of his jacket. The target audience of the print is not entirely clear, but it evokes sympathy for the plight of amputee veterans. The playfulness of the child and the stateliness of the surroundings suggest that this soldier was able to return home and have a happy family, despite his missing limb. Yet the melancholy expression of the soldier invokes sorrow for the veteran and his innocent child and regret for the costs of war. Furthermore, the subtitle, “What a Tell-Tale Thing Is an Empty Sleeve,” leaves one wondering what tale is actually being told. One of loss and suffering? One of hope and redemption? Part of a larger sentimental selling of the war, it is quite likely that the ambiguity was deliberate, ensuring that the print would appeal to customers with either interpretation. Indeed, it proved to be a popular print and was widely distributed, first in this original version by its renowned engraver, John Chester (J. C.) Buttre (1821-93), and later by other firms who copied the image.  Engraving https://collections.americanantiquarian.org/earlyamericannewsmedia/files/original/7436918847289d6a73f2b534ffd399df.jpg b9b21f7ca5bbf3203a069e149ff5aa9a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Type The nature or genre of the resource Lithograph Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Currier & Ives Title A name given to the resource Death of Col. Edward D. Baker, at the Battle of Balls Bluff Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Death of Col. Edward D. Baker, at the Battle of Balls Bluff near Leesburg Va. Oct. 21st 1861. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image and text 23 x 32 cm., on sheet 27.5 x 37 cm. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant New York, N.Y. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Currier & Ives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://catalog.mwa.org/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=149113">AAS Catalog Record</a> Description An account of the resource This hand-colored lithograph depicts the dramatic death of Colonel Edward D. Baker (1811-61), the only U.S. senator ever killed in battle. Like Abraham Lincoln, Baker began his political career in Illinois, and the two men developed a strong friendship. Indeed, Lincoln named his second son, Edward Baker Lincoln, after him, and his death affected Lincoln deeply. In June 1861, two months after the surrender of Fort Sumter, Baker defied the pacifist teachings of his Quaker faith and joined the army. On October 21 of the same year his regiment found itself in a battle at Ball’s Bluff, Virginia, where he was killed after several hours of fierce fighting. Baker was shot six times, including one shot to the head, with a revolver fired from five feet away. He quickly became an early martyr for the Union cause, the news of his death spurring memorials in print. This lithograph—produced by the printmaking company Currier & Ives—depicts a scene rather faithful to the reality of Baker’s death. Baker, with the nearly white hair that earned him the nickname “Gray Eagle,” is in the center of the print, leading his men at the front of the line. His left hand clutches his forehead, which is dripping with blood, and his torso bends back, reeling from the gunshot he has, presumably, just suffered. The Confederate who shot him is on the far right of the scene, dressed in gray and pointing his revolver at the colonel. The revolver has fire and smoke at its barrel, suggesting that the shot to the head the colonel received was just the first shot and five more are to follow. The Union lost most of the major initial battles of the war, making it difficult for artists and printers to produce triumphant propaganda for the Union public. While Baker is certainly not portrayed as triumphant in this lithograph, he is portrayed as a hero. Depictions of triumphant Union military heroes would appear later in the war. Lithograph https://collections.americanantiquarian.org/earlyamericannewsmedia/files/original/7c19a6eb19af2aa264fb7e26c34e390c.jpg 8a2bfbc11f2d8a1fdecb7fa07bdb3b4a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Type The nature or genre of the resource Broadside Title A name given to the resource Charleston Mercury Extra: Passed unanimously at 1.15 o'clock, P.M., December 20th, 1860 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1860 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 54 x 29 cm. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Charleston, S.C. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Charleston Mercury Office Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="http://catalog.mwa.org/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=205998">AAS Catalog Record</a> <a href="http://gigi.mwa.org/imagearchive/filename/205998_">View larger image</a> Description An account of the resource On November 10, 1860, after a decade of political division and just four days after Lincoln’s election, South Carolina called a secession convention for the following month. Considered by virtue of timing to be the first Confederate imprint, this Charleston Mercury Extra: The Union Is Dissolved! broadside announced the convention’s declaration on December 20, 1860, that South Carolina would secede from the United States.  Broadside